Sensory overload happens when the brain struggles to process and filter input from the environment, leading to physical, emotional, or behavioural distress. Sensory integration, the process of how we take in and respond to sensory input, was first described by Dr. A. Jean Ayres in the 1970s and plays a vital role in our daily functioning.

Sensory meltdowns in children at home can be triggered by overstimulation of the senses by a variety of factors, including loud noises, bright lights, strong smells, uncomfortable textures, changes in routines, transitions or changes, crowded environments, social situations, difficulty in communication, a build-up of stress from various small events, or a combination of the above.

While home might seem safe to keep your child comfortable and happy, everyday things like bright lights, loud TVS, strong smells, clutter, or rough fabrics can overwhelm children with sensory processing difficulties. Parents can look for early signs like restlessness, irritability, flinging limbs, rocking, spinning, or being overly sensitive to light or temperature. More intense sensory overload symptoms include poor eye contact, covering eyes or ears, avoiding touch, rapid breathing, nausea, tremors, or a glazed expression.

There are a few techniques when it comes to handling children during a sensory overload episode at home. First, stay calm, as any intense emotion from your side, such as anger, irritation or sadness, can add to the child’s overstimulation. If your child is still presenting the early symptoms, breathing exercises and distraction can help with de-escalation. Create a calm environment by using soft lighting, creating a quiet surrounding, giving them comfort items like their favourite toy, wrapping them in weighted blankets, and giving them calming tools like fidget toys or noise-cancelling headphones.

However, as the phrase goes, prevention is the best medicine. There are certain steps to take to create a calm environment at home. For lighting, opt for soft lights instead of harsh, bright lights, and try to use natural light wherever possible. For sound, minimise background noise like TV and mobile ringtones, use soundproofing materials like carpets or curtains, and provide white noise or ear defenders if helpful. For smell, avoid strongly scented candles, cleaning products and perfumes, and ensure rooms are well-ventilated. For visuals, keep areas clutter-free, use calming colours, and maintain simple layouts with clear walkways. For touch, introduce a variety of soothing textures and keep temperatures comfortable. A sensory play space can also help.

Predictable routines reduce anxiety and help children feel more secure. Knowing what to expect empowers them to better handle overwhelming moments and advocate for their needs in different settings.

When it comes to digital devices, excess screen time can overstimulate the brain with fast visuals and blue light, disrupting sleep and mood. For kids with Sensory Processing Disorder, screen exposure should be limited. Instead, explore quiet, hands-on activities that calm rather than overstimulate.

Helping your child manage sensory overload at home doesn’t mean eliminating all stimulation; it means creating a balanced, predictable space where they feel safe and supported. Small changes can make a big difference.